The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.
Learn / Constitution
The Constitution.
Read the words. See the structure. Understand what connects them.
Preamble · Seven Articles
Twenty-seven Amendments
Constitutional text
Article IV · Section 4
3 selectable clauses · PDF page 9
Source: the uploaded National Constitution Center edition. Historical wording and its bracket markers remain visible; later amendments and the reading notes explain changes.
The connected architecture
Pan and zoom to inspect relationships. The map is an explanation of the text; the Reader preserves its words.
Every box and connection
is also available through the map’s inspection selectors.
Reading notes
Choose a clause.
Its meaning, historical setting, structural effect, and interpretive debates will appear here.